# Sources d'inspiration



# Les processus et les parcours des entraîneurs d'élite (Article/IR/WIKIKM 2020)

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[<span class="TextRun Underlined SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="none" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: rgb(5, 99, 193); font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: underline; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">http://www.hmmrmedia.com/2020/11/sports-science-monthly-november-2020/</span></span>](http://www.hmmrmedia.com/2020/11/sports-science-monthly-november-2020/)<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">TRADUCTION DEEPL</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">» Résumé rapide : les entraîneurs d'élite ont été interrogés pour mieux comprendre leurs processus quotidiens et leurs parcours de développement. Les entraîneurs ont identifié le besoin d'une philosophie d'entraînement solide, d'une vision claire des objectifs à atteindre, de la connaissance des moyens d'y parvenir, de la capacité à utiliser et à travailler avec de bonnes personnes, et à maintenir un environnement de développement approprié - permettant l'élaboration d'un cadre clair pour informer les comportements d'entraînement de l'élite.</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Etude originale à laquelle il fait référence :</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

[<span class="TextRun Underlined SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="none" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: rgb(5, 99, 193); font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: underline; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308163361\_The\_Practices\_and\_Developmental\_Pathways\_of\_Professional\_and\_Olympic\_Serial\_Winning\_Coaches</span></span>](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308163361_The_Practices_and_Developmental_Pathways_of_Professional_and_Olympic_Serial_Winning_Coaches)<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Alors que l'on écrit souvent beaucoup sur les parcours de développement des athlètes, on accorde souvent beaucoup moins d'attention au développement des entraîneurs d'élite et à leur propre parcours de développement. Il s'agit là d'une limitation potentielle majeure : alors que les athlètes remportent des médailles, les entraîneurs développent ces athlètes, et les entraîneurs peuvent développer plus d'un athlète à la fois, ainsi qu'à travers les générations - ce qui suggère qu'un développement adéquat des entraîneurs peut entraîner des gains d'efficacité au sein d'un système donné. Il est donc extrêmement important de veiller à ce que les entraîneurs d'un système sportif donné soient développés de manière optimale pour que le succès se poursuive. De même, ce que les entraîneurs font au quotidien pour favoriser la réussite est souvent mal compris. Un article paru en 2016 dans l'International Sport Coaching Journal fournit des informations cruciales sur les pratiques quotidiennes des entraîneurs d'élite et sur les voies de développement, et constitue une lecture importante. Les auteurs ont interrogé 17 entraîneurs ayant remporté plusieurs médailles olympiques et/ou de championnat du monde, ou ayant gagné des championnats professionnels d'élite, afin de mieux comprendre leur développement. La majorité des entraîneurs étaient des hommes (deux seulement étaient des femmes), et venaient de différents sports et pays. Ensemble, ils avaient remporté 160 médailles/championnats à eux deux.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">» En savoir plus : le co-auteur de l'étude, Sergio Lara-</span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: left bottom; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2, ); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;">Bercial</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">, était invité sur </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: left bottom; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2, ); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;">GAINcast</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> 50.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Sur la base des réponses des entraîneurs, les auteurs nous ont permis de développer un cadre de pratique quotidienne des entraîneurs d'élite, composé</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> Philosophie des entraîneurs - Les entraîneurs ont tous déclaré avoir un point de vue philosophique très clair, qui leur a fourni un but et une orientation. Parmi les principaux thèmes qui se sont dégagés, on peut citer une approche centrée sur l'athlète, l'optimisation de l'équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée et une position morale élevée. Il faut notamment comprendre que l'on entraîne un être humain, et pas seulement un athlète.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> Vision - Les entraîneurs d'élite ont déclaré avoir une vision claire de ce qui est nécessaire pour gagner, et être capable de l'exprimer, comme étant un élément central du succès. Comprendre ce qu'il </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">faut pour gagner, et comment réaliser ces aspects, a été déterminé comme étant crucial. Ce processus inclut également la capacité à simplifier la complexité, à voir dans le futur, à avoir une approche à long terme, à pouvoir contrôler et revoir les performances et à utiliser ces informations pour diriger la planification. Les entraîneurs d'élite doivent être capables d'identifier les éléments constitutifs du succès et de les assembler en priorité afin de "résoudre le puzzle du succès". En outre, les entraîneurs de l'élite ont indiqué que la capacité à déterminer clairement "où se situent les plus grands retours sur investissement" constituait un élément important de ce processus. Cela est lié à la capacité de planifier stratégiquement le processus de formation, dont j'ai parlé précédemment pour HMMRMedia.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> Les personnes - La sélection des athlètes et du personnel de soutien, en accord avec la culture et les valeurs souhaitées de l'entraîneur et du programme, a été jugée cruciale pour le succès. Une fois ces personnes en place, le développement d'une croyance commune, la gestion continue de la haute performance et la gestion individuelle des athlètes et du personnel constituaient des parties importantes des tâches quotidiennes de l'entraîneur. Du point de vue du leadership, les entraîneurs pouvaient exploiter le capital social grâce à leurs expériences passées en tant qu'athlète ou entraîneur, ainsi que leur capacité à développer un lien positif avec leurs athlètes. Ce lien positif peut être cultivé grâce à la capacité à maintenir une communication ouverte et honnête, à faire preuve d'empathie avec leurs athlètes, à être eux-mêmes stables émotionnellement (y compris à rester calme sous la pression de la performance) et à apporter une approche holistique au développement de l'athlète. De nombreux athlètes qui ont travaillé avec ces entraîneurs - qui ont eux-mêmes été interrogés - ont indiqué que ces entraîneurs d'élite avaient tendance à travailler avec les athlètes dans le cadre d'une relation permanente, stable et collaborative, plutôt qu'avec une approche autoritaire. Ils ont également noté que ces entraîneurs avaient développé une approche flexible dans leur façon de coacher, plutôt que d'être excessivement rigide.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> Environnement - Les entraîneurs d'élite ont pu développer une culture et un climat qui ont été un moteur de la réussite des athlètes ; il s'agissait notamment de créer un environnement d'entraînement stimulant avec des attentes et des exigences élevées, de ne rien négliger dans la poursuite de la haute performance, d'exercer une influence sur les athlètes et de développer la stabilité et la fiabilité des performances des athlètes et de l'environnement. Il s'agissait notamment d'être très clair sur les comportements attendus de tous pendant l'entraînement et de les faire respecter de manière continue. Il s'agissait notamment de développer le sens des responsabilités personnelles et de la responsabilisation de toutes les personnes concernées.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Les chercheurs ont également demandé aux athlètes encadrés par les entraîneurs gagnants en série identifiés ce qui, à leur avis, différenciait ces entraîneurs des autres entraîneurs moins performants avec lesquels ils avaient travaillé. Tout en reconnaissant que ces entraîneurs d'élite avaient tendance à avoir des niveaux de connaissances plus élevés, les athlètes ont également mis en évidence les compétences personnelles des entraîneurs, en identifiant leur capacité à comprendre l'athlète en tant que personne comme l'un des principaux facteurs de différenciation.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Du point de vue du parcours de développement, les auteurs ont encore une fois fait des constatations très intéressantes. En général, les entraîneurs ont une solide formation universitaire ; un peu plus de la moitié d'entre eux ont un diplôme lié au sport, la majorité d'entre eux ayant suivi des études universitaires sous une forme ou une autre. Presque tous les entraîneurs possédaient le plus haut niveau de qualification disponible dans leur pays. Les entraîneurs ont considéré leurs qualifications académiques et d'entraînement comme cruciales dès le début de leur parcours, leur donnant le niveau </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">de connaissances requis pour soutenir leur succès futur. Beaucoup de coachs ont pu identifier une figure ressemblant à un mentor qui a joué un rôle clé dans leur processus de développement, bien que ce soit généralement de manière informelle et organique - le coach se retrouvant proche d'un autre coach qu'il admire et essayant d'en apprendre le plus possible.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Comme pour les athlètes d'élite, les parcours professionnels des entraîneurs d'élite étaient variés, chacun trouvant sa propre voie vers le sommet. Néanmoins, l'examen de leur biographie de développement fait ressortir certains thèmes importants, notamment le rôle important des autres (parents, famille, enseignants, etc.) dans leur formation en tant qu'êtres humains, l'environnement de développement dans lequel ils ont grandi et certaines difficultés rencontrées au cours de leur développement, telles que la non-sélection pour des épreuves en tant qu'athlète, les blessures graves, le fait d'être issu d'un milieu socio-économique défavorisé ou d'être raillé par d'autres entraîneurs. Un seul des entraîneurs n'avait pas été un athlète dans le sport qu'il entraînait ; dix d'entre eux avaient été des internationaux/professionnels, les autres concourant au niveau national. Les entraîneurs ont indiqué que leur propre "carrière" sportive avait eu une influence importante sur leur développement en tant qu'entraîneur, leur permettant de développer de l'empathie pour les athlètes avec lesquels ils travaillent actuellement en leur permettant de comprendre ce que c'est que d'être à leur place. En général, les entraîneurs ont estimé qu'ils n'avaient pas atteint leur potentiel au cours de leur carrière sportive, et ont donc voulu "se racheter en tant qu'entraîneur".</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">À la suite de cette recherche, les auteurs ont identifié quatre domaines clés d'importance pour les entraîneurs d'élite :</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> Une philosophie personnelle bien développée ;</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> Une vision claire et convaincante de la réussite ;</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> La nécessité de réunir les bonnes personnes et de les gérer efficacement ;</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> La création d'un environnement dans lequel chacun peut s'épanouir et réaliser la vision du succès.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Ces entraîneurs d'élite ont également poursuivi sans relâche leur développement, tant pour eux-mêmes que pour leurs athlètes. Les auteurs ont parlé d'une forme de "bienveillance motivée", qu'ils ont définie comme "la poursuite délibérée et déterminée de l'excellence basée sur un désir durable et équilibré de se soutenir soi-même et de soutenir les autres avec considération". L'un des principaux moteurs de la bienveillance motivée est la philosophie et les valeurs personnelles de l'entraîneur, qui, pour être efficace, doivent inclure un véritable souci des autres tout en maximisant leur développement. Ce moteur clé peut ensuite fournir les bases de la prise de décision, conformément à la philosophie et aux valeurs propres du coach - ce qui lui confère une "élasticité cognitive et émotionnelle" qui lui permet de prendre des décisions difficiles, mais réfléchies, qui profitent au résultat global.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="TextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Personnellement, je pense que ce document devrait être une lecture obligatoire pour tous ceux qui aspirent à devenir des entraîneurs de haut niveau. Il présente les principales compétences et </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW180658768 BCX9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">caractéristiques d'une cohorte d'entraîneurs gagnants en série, qui peuvent servir d'objectifs à atteindre pour nous tous. Il montre également, par une bienveillance motivée, comment cela peut être fait de manière éthique et en privilégiant la personne. Je recommande vivement à chacun de prendre le temps de lire cet article et d'en assimiler les conclusions, dont les entraîneurs peuvent tirer parti pour stimuler leur propre développement.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

<span class="EOP SCXW180658768 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span>

# Les théories indigènes (ST/WIKIKM 08/07/2020)

Ingénieur,chercheur (PhD), Chef de projet formation et capitalisation des connaissances au Pôle Formation», Stéphane Couckuyt aborde le concept « des théories indigènes » et la question de l’émergence de théorie à partir de la capitalisation des savoirs d’expérience des entraineurs.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="472" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lhar0y67XdQ?si=jWRTE_WmdS0UoOf6" style="width: 839px; height: 472px;" title="YouTube video player" width="839"></iframe>

Accéder à la présentation [Intervention de Stephane FUKAZAWA COUCKUYT.pptx](https://wikikm.france.sport/attachments/5)

# Cadre de référence d'une communauté de pratique (PPT/ST/WIKIKM 2020)

Primo-rédacteur Serge Guemard - Dernière modification décembre 2023

#### Voir la présentation  


[![image.png](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/image.png)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/image.png)

[![Diapositive2.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive2.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive2.JPG)[![Diapositive3.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive3.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive3.JPG)[![Diapositive4.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive4.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive4.JPG)[![Diapositive5.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive5.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive5.JPG)[![Diapositive6.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive6.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive6.JPG)[![Diapositive7.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive7.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive7.JPG)[![Diapositive8.JPG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/scaled-1680-/diapositive8.JPG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2023-12/diapositive8.JPG)

#### Télécharger la présentation **[PPT](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VEvkW3HGpo1HoGzfGRe5YDSPBXik9Vno/view?usp=sharing)** *(ne tenez pas compte de l'affichage, une fois téléchargé il aura le même rendu que ci dessus)*, PDF ([communaute de pratique.pdf](https://wikikm.france.sport/attachments/3))

# FICHE OUTIL NIVEAUX LOGIQUES (ST/WKIKM 05/2022)

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Par François </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Castrec </span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>R.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Ouvrard</span></span>

#### <span lang="EN-US">Objectif</span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">L’outil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">logique </span>est<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">technique</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’enquête</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">permet</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">prendre</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pleine</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">conscience</span> et <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’explorer</span> sa<span style="letter-spacing: 4.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">propre expérience</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">subjective </span>:</span>

- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’un</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">évènement</span>
- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;">son<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> impact</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sur</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nous</span></span>
- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">la <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">relation qui</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> résulte</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>entre <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l’environnement </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nous</span></span>
- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">faire <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">le</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>tri<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distinction entre</span> les<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différents</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">niveaux</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’informations</span></span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> partir</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">éléments</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">recueillis,</span> il <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">est</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">possible</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">travailler</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différentes</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">directions</span></span>

- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">procéder</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">à <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>mise à<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>jour d’éléments ressources<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>nécessaires<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>pour un ancrage</span></span></span>
- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">développer </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">une<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">analyse</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">contrastive</span> à<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">partir</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>de <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">plusieurs</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">situations</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">choisies</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">afin</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’explorer</span> un <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">EP</span> pour<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>aller<span style="letter-spacing: 3.95pt;"> </span>vers <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>ED</span>
- <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">D’imaginer une</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">stratégie</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’apprentissage</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">écologique</span></span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cet<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> outil</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">permet</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>faire,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">dans</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">une</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">situation</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">donnée,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des distinctions</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">entre </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">des</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">informations</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui </span>sont<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">iv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">eau</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">x</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: 4.05pt; mso-font-width: 86%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">og</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ques</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">iff</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">érents</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">et</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’éviter</span> ainsi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>les<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">confusions.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Exemple</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> l’assertion</span> :<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Il<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ne </span>fait<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>rien<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> donc</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c'est</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fainéant</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>».</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">«<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Ne</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>rien<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">faire</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>»<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>est<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">simplement</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">omportement</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">alors</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">que</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qualifier</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fainéant</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>»<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>est<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">commentaire</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sur</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">'</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">té.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>fait<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s'interroger</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>sur<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>tous<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>les<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différents</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveaux</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">développe</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>une <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vue plus</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>globale<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">plus</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pertinente</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d'un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>problème.<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Lorsqu'une</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">situation problématique</span> est <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">analysée,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>ce<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> modèle</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">invite</span> à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cerner</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>ou les<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveaux</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">où</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">situe</span> le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">problème.</span></span>

#### <span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Introduction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">et<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>contexte<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>culturel<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>l’outil<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>logique</span>

<span lang="EN-US">Si<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Dilts<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>est<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">le</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">père</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">accoucheur</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">NL,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">il</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s’inscrit</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">une</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lignée</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">culturelle liée</span> à <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l’école</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>PALO<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ALTO</span> et la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">culture</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> la <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">PNL</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">BAETSON, anthropologue, Bateson</span><span lang="EN-US"> a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">présenté,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pour</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>la <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">première fois</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">formellement,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> concept</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> types</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">logiques</span></span><span lang="EN-US">»<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> dans</span> son<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> article</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Une Théorie</span> du Jeu<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Fantasme</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>(1954).<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Il <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">utilise</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l’analogie du téléphone</span> -<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> les</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">erreurs</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’aiguillage </span>entre <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">indicatif</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> pays<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>et <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">département </span>– pour<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">expliquer qu’un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">message</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s’applique</span> à<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> niveau</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">inapproprié</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">provoque</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">une confusion</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">mentale.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Bateson </span>était<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> convaincu que</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">capacité</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>trier<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>les <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différents</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">types</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">logiques</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">contenus</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>les<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">messages</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">les</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">classifications</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">est</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fondamentale (double</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">contrainte).</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>idées<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Bateson</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sur</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">les</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">applications</span> de la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">théorie</span> des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">types</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">logiques</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>à la <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">communication</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>et à la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thérapie</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ont</span> été<span style="letter-spacing: 3.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">approfondies</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>par ses<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">collègues</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Watzlawick,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Bavelas</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>et <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Jackson dans</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Pragmatics</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Humann</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Communication</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(1967).</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>

<span lang="EN-US">DILTS,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">étudiant</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l'Université</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de Californie</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Santa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Cruz</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>en <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">1976,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pendant</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cours</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Gregory</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Bateson</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>sur </span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">«l'écologie </span><span lang="EN-US">de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l'Esprit»</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">découvre</span> pour la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">première</span> fois<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>de la <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notion</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>de <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différents</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">types</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">logique</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ainsi</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">que</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">celle</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des différents</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveaux</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d'apprentissage,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">changement</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>de <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">communication.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">L'époque</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">était</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">enivrante,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">PNL</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">commençait</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>à <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">prendre</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>forme. Un<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> plus</span> tôt,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Richard</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Bandler</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>John<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Grinder</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">avaient</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">publié</span> leur <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">premier</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">livre The</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Structure </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Magic</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Vol</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>1.</span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">« La <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notion </span>de <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Niveaux</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Logiques</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rapporte</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>au fait<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">que</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">certains</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">processus</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> phénomènes</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sont</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">créés</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">par</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">les</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">relations</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qu'ils</span> ont<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>avec <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d'autres</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">processus</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">phénomènes.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Tout</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">système d'activités</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">constitue</span> aussi <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>sous-<span style="letter-spacing: 3.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ensemble </span>à <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l'intérieur</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d'un</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">autre</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">système,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lui-même</span> est<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">emboîté</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> autre</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">système,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>ainsi<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> suite. </span>Ce<span style="letter-spacing: 4.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">genre</span> de <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">relation entre</span> des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">systèmes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">produit</span> des<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">processus</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sont</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">situés</span> à <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveaux</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différents</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">système</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lequel</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">on</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>est<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">en</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> train de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fonctionner.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Le</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">langage,</span> la <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">structure</span> de <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notre</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cerveau,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>nos<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">systèmes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sociaux</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">illustrent</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span>cette<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">différentiation</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">niveaux</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">constituent</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">hiérarchies</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>ou <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveaux</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">processus</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">naturels</span> ».</span>

#### <span lang="EN-US">Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>Niveaux<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>Logiques</span>

<span lang="EN-US">Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>modèle <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Robert </span>Dilts<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">comporte</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>six<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveaux,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">sont</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tous</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">formalisables</span> au<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">moyen</span> de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> questions</span></span>:

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-par-notre-visio-n-du" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><colgroup><col style="width: 24.9383%;"></col><col style="width: 24.9383%;"></col><col style="width: 24.9383%;"></col><col style="width: 24.9383%;"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Par<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notre</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">visio</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">monde,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nous</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sommes</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">reliés</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">des</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">systèmes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">plus</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vastes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vont</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">au-delà </span>de nous,</span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">tels<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">que</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">famille,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">société,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">systèmes</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">globaux.</span></span>

</td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">tue</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: 1.4pt; mso-font-width: 88%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 105%;">Système<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>et</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-font-width: 124%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">on</span></span></td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d'autre</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>?,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span>avec<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span> ?<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>»</span></td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C'est<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d'appartenance</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qui</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">répond </span>à la<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> question </span>:<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #0070bf;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>À<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">que</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">monde</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">j</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span>sens<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">apparten</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>»<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ontr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">bue</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>quoi<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt; mso-font-width: 82%;"> </span>(dans<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>monde et<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">vi</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>lorsque tu<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>que tu<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span> ?<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>»</span></span>

</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">La<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">mission</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">donne</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">forme</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">aux</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">croyances,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">valeurs</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">travers</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>le sens <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">soi. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">L’identité</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">détermine</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">le<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rôle</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">global d’une</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">personne.</span></span>

</td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">dent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">té</span></td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">« <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Qui</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>»</span></td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C'est<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">qui</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">identifie</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><u style="text-underline: blue;"><span style="color: blue; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">métaphore</span></u><span style="color: blue; letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">illustrant</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l'identité</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">mission du sujet. </span><span style="color: #0070bf;">« Qui<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>es-tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">orsque </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>fais<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>que<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>»</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> qu</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">’</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">est</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">-c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>que<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>tu peux<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">re</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>sur<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>toi<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>».</span>

</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;">Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">croyances</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fournissent</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">le renforcement</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(motivation</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>ou <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">permission)</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">qui</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">soutiennent </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ou <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">inhibent</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>capacité</span>

</td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ro</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">es Convictions</span>

</td><td class="align-center">"Pourquoi" "Pourquoi ce moment là"  
</td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C'est<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">croyances</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> des</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">valeurs, </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sur </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">soi,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sur </span>les<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">autres</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ou</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> sur</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>vie.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Q</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">’</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">est</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">- c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>que<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ro</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">orsque</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">…</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">»,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>qu’est<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>qui est<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ra</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pour</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>toi<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">orsque</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">…</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>»,<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>En<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>quoi<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>est- </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.65pt; mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">im</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">rtant</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.6pt; mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; mso-font-width: 105%;">pour<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>toi<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">re</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>ce<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>que<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>tu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">…</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf; letter-spacing: -1.8pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf;">?<span style="letter-spacing: -1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">» </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vakog</span>

</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Les<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">capacités</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">guident</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">donnent</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">direction</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">aux</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">actions</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">comportements</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">grâce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">carte</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">mentale,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">plan </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ou</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">une</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">stratégie</span></span>

</td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">apa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ci</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">té</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: 1.4pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">omportement</span>s</td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">« <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Comment </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>»</span></td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C'est<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">compétences</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l'organisation.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">omment</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>t’y<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">prends</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>lorsque<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>fais<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>que<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">…</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>»</span>

</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Les<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">comportements</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sont</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">les</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">actions</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">réactions</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">spécifiques</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qu’une</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">personne</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manifeste</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>au<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>sein<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">son</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">environnement.</span></span>

</td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">omportements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: 1.4pt; mso-font-width: 124%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Ac</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ons</span></td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">« Quoi<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>»</span></td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C'est<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">actions</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">qui</span> sont<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">réalisées</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>non.<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>Que<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tu</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">…</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>»<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">vakog</span>

</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">L’environnement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">détermine</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">les<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">contraintes</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">les</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">opportunités<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>externes</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">auxquelles</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">une</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">personne</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">doit</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">réagir.</span></span>

</td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">E</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">vi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ronnement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-font-width: 124%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">onte</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">x</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">te</span></td><td class="align-center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">« Où<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>et <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">quand</span> ?<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>»</span></td><td><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C'est<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">du contexte</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dans</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lequel</span> le<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sujet</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">évolue. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0070bf;">«<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>es-tu…<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>»,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>«<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>se<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">passe</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span>ou,<span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qu</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">i…</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>»,<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>Tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">es</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pré</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ci</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sement</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">…</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>»<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Q</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">uand</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>es<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>là,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qu</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">’</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">est</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">-c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">que</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>fais…<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">»<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>vakog</span>

 </td></tr></tbody></table>

Vakog: En [programmation neuro-linguistique](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmation_neuro-linguistique "Programmation neuro-linguistique") (PNL), la technique dite des « **canaux sensoriels** » (ou **VAKOG**, [acronyme](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronyme "Acronyme") pour : « Visuel, Auditif, Kinesthésique, Olfactif, Gustatif ») pose que la relation au monde extérieur passe nécessairement par au moins l’un des cinq [sens](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sens_(physiologie) "Sens (physiologie)"). ([Wikipédia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAKOG))

#### <span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Quelques</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">clés<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>d’utilisation<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>compréhension</span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Chaque </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> logique organise</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">et</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">détermine</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l’information au-dessous</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lui.</span></span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>fait<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">CHANGER</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">quelque</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chose</span> à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">logique</span> SUPERIEUR<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(au-dessus)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">aura</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nécessairement</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">IMPACT </span>sur le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveau logique INFERIEUR </span>(à <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l’étage</span> du<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dessous)</span></span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>fait<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">changer</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">quelque chose</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>à un<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>niveau<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> logique</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">inférieur</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">peut</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">avoir</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">un impact</span> au <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">niveau supérieur,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.15pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span>mais cela<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>ne<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>se <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">produira</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">pas</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">forcément.</span></span>

<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Une expérience</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">peut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> être<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">négative</span> à un<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> niveau,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>mais <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">positive</span> à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> autre.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Dans la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">structure</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notre</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cerveau,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.05pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de note</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">langage,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">nos</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">systèmes</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">perceptuels,</span> il<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>existe<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">des</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">hiérarchies</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">naturelles</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">d’expériences.</span></span>

# Modèle de circulation de l'information et du partage de l'expérience (IR/WIKIKM 03/03/2022)

[![Diapositive1.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/wBFdiapositive1.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/wBFdiapositive1.PNG)[![Diapositive2.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/9eOdiapositive2.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/9eOdiapositive2.PNG)[![Diapositive3.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/v71diapositive3.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/v71diapositive3.PNG)[![Diapositive4.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/eWidiapositive4.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/eWidiapositive4.PNG)[![Diapositive5.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/RzQdiapositive5.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/RzQdiapositive5.PNG)[![Diapositive6.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/e1Hdiapositive6.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/e1Hdiapositive6.PNG)[![Diapositive7.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/yWrdiapositive7.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/yWrdiapositive7.PNG)[![Diapositive8.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/Qtfdiapositive8.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/Qtfdiapositive8.PNG)[![Diapositive9.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/oiWdiapositive9.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/oiWdiapositive9.PNG)[![Diapositive10.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/GxAdiapositive10.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/GxAdiapositive10.PNG)[![Diapositive11.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/nWPdiapositive11.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/nWPdiapositive11.PNG)[![Diapositive12.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/XzFdiapositive12.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/XzFdiapositive12.PNG)[![Diapositive13.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/0kZdiapositive13.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/0kZdiapositive13.PNG)[![Diapositive14.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/pUOdiapositive14.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/pUOdiapositive14.PNG)[![Diapositive15.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/ht9diapositive15.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/ht9diapositive15.PNG)[![Diapositive16.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/tYEdiapositive16.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/tYEdiapositive16.PNG)[![Diapositive17.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/diapositive17.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/diapositive17.PNG)[![Diapositive18.PNG](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/diapositive18.PNG)](https://wikikm.france.sport/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/diapositive18.PNG)

Télécharger le PDF [2022-03-03 COP Modèle de circulation de l'information et du partage de l'expérience.pdf](https://wikikm.france.sport/attachments/14)

# Les Ecoles 42

Par Arnaud Bessat

Les écoles **42** sont des [établissements supérieurs](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tudes_sup%C3%A9rieures_en_France "Études supérieures en France") d'[autoformation](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoformation "Autoformation") dont l'objectif est de former des [développeurs](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9veloppeur "Développeur") avec, en 2023, 52 campus répartis dans 31 pays du monde.<sup class="reference" id="bkmrk-"></sup>

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="465" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-sNyiENqiXE?si=1NgClmKVqkEXbS9v" style="width: 827px; height: 465px;" title="YouTube video player" width="827"></iframe>